http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/general-science-ability/general-science-notes/11186-guide-diseases.html

The third paragraph is from “Defect, enzyme”

三、       文意選填

第21至30題為題組

Hundreds of years ago, a savory idea—called the century egg—was hatched in rural China. As the story goes, a farmer found naturally preserved duck eggs in a muddy pool of water and slaked lime. After surviving a tasting, he set out to replicate them manually, resulting in a 21 that would endure for centuries as a comfort food in Hong Kong, China and parts of Southeast Asia.

Though details of the century egg’s discovery are undocumented, scientists estimate that it 22 more than 500 years to the Ming Dynasty. And aside from some techniques used for large-scale production today, the egg preservation process has remained relatively 23 .

To make the eggs, a vat is typically filled with a combination of strong black tea, lime, salt and freshly burned wood ashes, and left to cool overnight. The next day, duck, quail, or chicken eggs are added to the 24 . Then they soak anywhere from seven weeks to five months—not for a century as the name 25 .

The century egg also 26 many other names, such as hundred-year egg, thousand-year egg, or millennium egg. But no matter what it’s called, this common snack has a rather uncommon taste and is often grouped by travelers with other 27 Asian foods such as chicken feet or snake soup. Getting beyond the egg’s appearance is the first 28 . Instead of being white with a bright orange yolk, the jelly-like egg takes on a less 29 dark brown and swampy green hue. There’s also a pungent ammonia-like odor to contend with, which has earned the snack yet another nickname: the “horse urine egg.”

While the century egg draws a following from older generations and curious travelers, it is falling out of 30 with the younger set, who are weary of China’s preserved and fermented foods. The future of the humble snack is uncertain, but chefs in Chinese restaurants are still trying to preserve this nostalgic bite of culinary heritage.

Source:

http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20151208-the-rotten-egg-people-love-to-eat

The 500-year-old snack

四、       篇章結構

第31至35題為題組

One of the most difficult things for a human to face is the loss of a limb. If a person loses an arm or a leg, he/she must be fitted with an artificial limb.

The situation is very different for a starfish. If a starfish loses an arm, it can grow a new one. 31 Snails can even regrow their heads—imagine what the world would be like if humans could do that. But we can’t. Nor can we grow new limbs or even fingers. That’s why scientists are studying animals that can regrow body parts, that is, regenerate. 32

Many different kinds of animals show some form of regeneration. Most of them are, however, limited to the sort a lizard is capable of, like regrowing a lost tail. A cockroach can grow back a missing limb, but the limb itself can’t generate a new cockroach. 33 Bidirectional regeneration, on the other hand, refers to a situation in which splitting of an animal will result in separate fully functional animals. 34 Cut a hydra in half, and you’ll get two hydras. Cut it into four pieces, and you’ll get four.

35 A single one can be cut into hundreds of pieces and each will grow back into a whole in a week or so. Because of this remarkable ability, one planarian can be created over and over, giving it a sort of immortality. Whether this phenomenon can be achieved in humans will likely require years of research.

Source:

https://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/research/planaria/story_planaria.pdf

è Second paragraph is from page 1

è The third paragraph can be found on page 2

五、       閱讀測驗

第36至39題為題組

Often named as the most prominent contemporary female architect, Zaha Hadid, an Iraqi-born British woman, is significant for her intellectual toughness and her refusal to compromise on her artistic ideas. For many years, her designs filled the pages of architecture journals but were dismissed as impractical or too radical. Also, being female in a male-dominated field didn’t help her succeed.

Despite these setbacks, her star began to rise when her design for Cincinnati’s new Center for Contemporary Art was selected and built, earning her worldwide acclaim. The New York Times described the building as “the most important new building in America since the Cold War.” Once her talent was recognized, commissions started coming in to design a variety of projects, including public transportation, libraries, and opera houses. In 2004, Hadid became the first woman to win the prestigious Pritzker Prize. She also won the Stirling Prize in 2010 and 2011.

Hadid’s interest in architecture had roots in a trip her family took to the ancient Sumer region in southern Iraq, the site of one of the world’s oldest civilizations, when she was a teenager. She recalled: “The beauty of the landscape—where sand, water, reeds, birds, buildings, and people all somehow flowed together—has never left me. I’m trying to discover—invent, I suppose—an architecture, and forms of urban planning, that do something of the same thing in a contemporary way.”

Nature’s forms appear as a recurrent source of inspiration for Hadid’s architecture. Her designs are daring and visionary experiments with space and with the relationships of buildings to their urban surroundings. She consistently pushes the boundaries of architecture and urban design in the pursuit of a visionary aesthetic that expresses her ideals.

Source:

http://prabook.com/web/person-view.html?profileId=141345

è The background

http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34337929

Dame Zaha Hadid awarded Riba Gold Medal for architecture

第40至43題為題組

Todd Bol, a retired businessman, could never have expected that a wooden container he built on his deck one day in 2009 would have the global impact it does today.

Bol built a dollhouse-size structure that looked like a schoolhouse on a post, and he put it on his lawn as a free community library to commemorate his mother, who was a book lover and school teacher. Bol’s prototype gave birth to Little Free Library (LFL), a nonprofit organization that seeks to place small, accessible book exchange boxes in neighborhoods around the world. The concept is simple: Neighbors are invited to share a book, leave a book, or both. Today, there are over 50,000 of these libraries registered in 70 countries.

Almost everyone can register with LFL and start a library as long as the person keeps it in good shape and makes sure that book materials are appropriate for his/her neighborhood. Library owners can create their own library boxes; therefore, the libraries are usually unique in appearance, and there seems to be no limit to the possibilities. One library in California was built out of a used wine crate; another in Texas had tiny stairs and bright colored walls. Once registered, libraries are assigned a number at LFL’s website. The LFL Index lists the locations of all libraries with GPS coordinates and other information. Owners receive a sign that reads “Little Free Library.”

People say they have been more inclined to pick up a book when walking by a Little Free Library, out of curiosity and because it’s convenient. Some sidewalk librarians say they have met more neighbors since having a little library in their front yard. Bol is also most proud of the way Little Free Library is bringing communities together. “It’s started a neighborhood exchange. It gets people talking and more comfortable with their neighbors,” he says. “This leads to them helping each other.”

Source:

http://therobycompany.com/book-bring-mini-library-front-yard/

Book It: Bring a Mini Library to Your Front Yard

https://www.pps.org/blog/little-free-libraries/

à Sentences in blue can be found in point 4 Support a broader public agenda

第44至47題為題組

The term “forensic linguistics,” in its broadest sense, covers all areas of study where language and law intersect. A famous example of its application is the case of Chris Coleman, who was suspected of killing his family in 2009. Robert Leonard, the head of the forensic linguistics program at Hofstra University, presented some important linguistic evidence in the trial against Coleman. Relying heavily on word choice and spelling, Leonard suggested that the same person had written the threatening e-mails and sprayed the graffiti, and that those samples bore similarities to Coleman’s writing style. Coleman was later found guilty of the murder.

Robert Leonard was not the first one who resorted to linguistic evidence in criminal investigation. The field of forensic linguistics was brought to prominence by his colleague James Fitzgerald in 1996 with his work in the case of the Unabomber, who had sent a series of letter bombs to college professors over several years, causing serious casualties. Working for the FBI, Fitzgerald urged the publication of the Unabomber’s letter—a lengthy declaration of the criminal’s philosophy.

After the letter was published, many people called the FBI to say they recognized the writing style. By analyzing sentence structure, word choice, and other linguistic patterns, Fitzgerald narrowed down the range of possible authors and finally linked the letter to the writings of Ted Kaczynski, a solitary former mathematician. For instance, Kaczynski tended to use extensive parallel phrases, which were frequently found in the bomber’s letter. Both Kaczynski and the bomber also showed a preference for dozens of unusual words, such as “chimerical” and “anomic.” The bomber’s use of the terms “broad” for women and “negro” for African Americans also enabled Fitzgerald to roughly calculate the suspect’s age. The linguistic evidence was strong enough for the judge to search Kaczynski’s isolated cabin in Montana; what was found there put him in prison for life.

On some level, finding hidden meanings from linguistic evidence is what we all do intuitively in our daily language interaction. This is exactly the same work forensic professionals do. As one forensic-linguistics firm, Testipro, puts it in its online promotional ad, the field can be regarded as “the basis of the entire legal system.”

Source:

http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/07/23/words-on-trial

Words on Trial

第48至51題為題組

During the past three hundred years, when a country gains its freedom or independence, one of the first things established is a national anthem. National anthems are generally played and sung at formal state occasions and other events which celebrate or support the country’s national identity.

Holland’s 16th-century hymn “Het Wilhelmus” is widely considered the world’s oldest national anthem, followed by the U.K.’s “God Save the King/Queen”—also a hymn, popularized in the 1740s. As nationalism spread throughout Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, so did anthems. Many countries, such as the independent states that are today part of Germany, took “God Save the King/Queen” as a model and adopted hymns (songs of prayer typically addressed to a deity or VIP). Others, notably Spain and France, chose marches (songs with a strong, regular rhythm often performed by military bands)—which expressed a martial rather than monarchic spirit. With imperialism, Europeans spread their musical taste. Even when former colonies gained independence, they often imitated the traditions of their former rulers. The result is that most anthems are either hymns or marches, played on European instruments.

Japan’s anthem makes for a good case study of European influence. In the 1860s a British bandmaster living in Japan, John William Fenton, noted that the country did not have a national anthem. A local military officer, Ōyama Iwao, selected the lyrics from a Heian era poem and Fenton wrote the melody. About a decade later, a Japanese committee chose a replacement melody by a court musician—one that had been composed for traditional Japanese instruments, but in a mixed style influenced by Fenton’s arrangement. The version in use today was also altered by German Franz Eckert to fit a Western scale.

In addition to hymns and marches, British composer Michael Bristow identifies a couple of more minor categories. National anthems in South and Central America are often operatic, with long, elaborate orchestral introductions. These were influenced by 19th-century Italian opera. Burma and Sri Lanka are both in a folk group, as they rely more on indigenous instruments.

Source:

http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2010/02/why_do_all_national_anthems_sound_the_same.html

Why Do All National Anthems Sound the Same?

第50題(B)有個小地方The lyrics was written by a Japanese officer. lyrics後更常見接動詞複數：The lyrics were written by a Japanese officer.

第貳部分：非選擇題

一 、 中譯英 （ 占 8 分 ）

1. 世界大學運動會（The Universiade）是一項國際體育與文化盛事，每兩年一次由不同城市舉辦。

The Universiade is an international sporting and cultural event which is staged every two years in a different city.

2. 在比賽中，來自全球大學的學生運動員建立友誼，並學習運動家精神的真諦。

Through competitions, university student athletes from all over the world build friendships and learn the true spirit of sportsmanship.

Note:

學生運動員 “建立友誼” 最好用複數build friendships.(寫 establish friendships亦可，但build friendships更常用)

"students build friendships and"約有 19,400 項結果

"athletes build friendships and" 約有 61 項結果

"students build friendship and" 9 項結果

"athletes build friendship and" 1 項結果

"students establish friendships and"約有 372 項結果

出處：

Summer Universiade - International university sports federation

www.fisu.net/events/summer-universiade

The Universiade is an international sporting and cultural event which is staged every two years in a different city. It is only second to the Olympic Games. The Summer Universiade consists of 14 compulsory sports and up to 3 optional sports chosen by the host country. The record figures are 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011 and 174 countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.

Embracing FISU’s motto of 'Excellence in Mind and Body', the Summer Universiade incorporates educational and cultural aspects into 12 days of sports competitions, allowing university student-athletes from all over the world to celebrate with the host city in a true spirit of friendship and sportsmanship.

(李婉靜整理，蘇正隆 & Rebecca Albee校訂)

大考中心英文試題 http://www.ceec.edu.tw/AppointExam/AppointExamPaper/106Drse_Paper/02-106%E6%8C%87%E8%80%83%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%A9%A6%E5%8D%B7%E5%AE%9A%E7%A8%BF%20.pdf

大考中心英文解答

http://www.ceec.edu.tw/AppointExam/AppointExamPaper/106Drse_Paper/%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E9%A1%8C%E7%AD%94%E6%A1%88/02-106%E6%8C%87%E8%80%83%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E9%A1%8C%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E7%AD%94%E6%A1%88(%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87).pdf