內容簡介
From the academic perspective, Southern Minis one of the Chinese language families, a dialect. Specifically, TaiwaneseSouthern Min (TSM) has resulted from a mixture of Formosan languages, Dutch,Japanese and Mandarin by way of language contact. It has preserved the basic structure, but isquite different from the Southern Min spoken in Mainland China. TSM isthe natural result of a mixture of different accents.
The author has dedicated his research lifeto the study of TSM, and the profound result of his study is revealed in thisbook.
本書特色
1.林慶勳教授投注數十年心力研究台灣閩南語,內容扎實。
2.與國立教育研究院合作翻譯出版,並經過專家及母語人士審稿校訂,譯稿品質高。
3.是國外讀者研究及學習台灣閩南語的最佳素材。
作者簡介
林慶勳
一九四五年出生於桃園,一九七九年畢業於中國文化學院中文研究所,一九八○年獲得國家文學博士學位。歷任文化大學、高雄師大講師、副教授、教授(1976-1994),日本東京大學文學部外國人研究員(1989-1990),高雄中山大學中文系主任(2000-2003)暨文學院行天宮人文發展中心主任(2001-2004),
About the Author
譯者簡介
鍾榮富
美國伊利諾大學香檳校區(Universityof Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)語言學博士、美國麻省理工學院語言學系研究、伊利諾大學語言學系訪問學者,現為南台科技大學應用英語系講座教授。曾任國立高雄師範大學英語系主任(2000-2003)、台灣語言暨教學研究所所長(2003-2005)、客家文化研究所創所所長(2004-2005)、新加坡國立大學高級訪問學者(2007-2009)。著有客家語專書《六堆文化之變遷與歷史---語言篇》、《美濃鎮誌—語言篇》、《台灣客家話語言導論》、《福爾摩沙的烙印—台灣客家話》、《台語的語音基礎》、《華語的語音與教學》等專書及70幾篇學術論文。
About the Translator
Chapter 1
Basic Concepts 007
I. The definition of Southern Min inTaiwan 007
1.1 TSM and other Southern Minvarieties 007
1.2 Sub-dialects 010
1.3 TSM: Communication andcultures 014
II. Population of Taiwanese dialects 019
2.1 Population in Taiwan 019
2.2 Distribution of Formosan 023
III Methods of studying TSM 032
3.1 Fieldwork 032
3.2 Using rime books 035
3.3 Analysis of TSMliterature 047
Chapter 2
Historical Developments of TSM 055
I. The meaning of developments 055
1.1 Population increases anddecreases 056
1.2 Factors in TSM and SMdifferences 057
1.3 Trends for TSM studies 059
1.4 Perspectives of TSMstudies 060
II Different stages 062
2.1 Stages 062
2.2 Concluding for the historicalperiods 085
III Events inthe history 088
Chapter 3
Characteristics of Southern Min in Taiwan 103
I. Phonetic characteristics 103
1.1 Voiced stops preserved 103
1.2 Bilabial nasal as anending 106
1.3 Four stops at ending 108
1.4 Nasalized vowels and syllabicnasals 110
1.5 Differences between literaryand colloquial readings 113
1.6 Seven tones 115
1.7 Tone sandhi 117
II Lexical characteristics 120
2.1 Polysemy 120
2.2 Homonyms 120
2.3 Specific morphologicalstructure 122
2.4 Frequently-used vocabularyexemplified 122
III Grammatical characteristics 132
3.1 Morphologicalcharacteristics 132
3.2 Word structure 139
3.3 Syntactic structure 142
Chapter 4
The phonology of Taiwanese Southern Min 145
I. Initials 145
1.1 Fifteen Initials 145
1.2 Analysis of Initials 147
1.3 A contrastive analysis of Mandarin and TSM initials 150
II Rimes 157
2.1 Rime and syllable 157
2.2 Analysis of TSM rimes 160
2.3 Nucleus vowels, Initials andFinals 169
2.4 An analysis Mandarin and TSMrimes 171
III Tones 192
3.1 Tone categories 192
3.2 Pitch values 194
3.3 Correspondence betweenMandarin and TSM tones 195
IV Phonotactics: Initials, rimes, and tones 196
V Phonological variation 199
5.1 Initial variation 199
5.2 Rime variation 200
5.3 Contraction 201
5.4 Tone sandhi 203
VI Accents 206
6.1 Complete correspondence 206
6.2 Partial correspondence 208
6.3 Contrastivecorrespondence 209
VII Literary and colloquial reading 210
7.1 Initials in literary andcolloquial readings 211
7.2 Rimes in literary andcolloquial readings 212
7.3 Tones in literary andcolloquial readings 218
Chapter 5
Writing and Transcription in TSM 219
I Chinese characters 219
1.1 Original words 220
1.2 Xiun-du 231
1.3 Jiajie (borrowed words) 233
II Church Romanization 235
III Alphabet system of TSM 237
IV Kana in TSM 248
Selected Bibliography 251
Appendix
Basic Concepts
I. The definition of Southern Min in Taiwan
1.1 TSM and other Southern Min varieties
There are some different terms used forSouthern Min in Taiwan(henceforth, TSM), for instance Taiyu, Taiwanhua, Minnanhua, Helohua, Fulaohua,Helaohua. Essentially, TSM differs fromthe Southern Min spoken in Fujien, China, or the Chinese community in foreigncountries such as Singaporeand the Philippines.
In Taiwan TSM speakers account for more than 70% of thepopulation, hence it is also called Taiwanese. This is much similar toforeigners’ use of “Sino language” for Chinese. Historically speaking,Taiwanese people immigrated mostly from Fujien province, or further back inhistory from the center of Chinese culture, where the He and Lo riversmeet. This would explain why Taiwaneseis also called Helohua (hua=language, meaning the language spoken in the He andLo area.)
We adopt the term Southern Min in Taiwan(TSM) because it distinguishes this language from other languages in Taiwan,for instance, Taiya, Amis, Lukai, Paiwan, Hakka, and Mandarin. In addition, itspecifically differentiates the Taiwanversion from the Southern Min used in other areas such as Xiamen,Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, and Shantou.
In China, there are fifty-six ethnicgroups, among which the Han people are the most populous. According to ChineseLanguage Atlas (Longman, 1987) there are 7 dialects in the Chinese-languagefamily: Official language, 1 Wu, Xiang, Gan, Min, Yue, and Hakka. In fact, 3more dialects were added, and so there are 10 dialects in the Chinese
language family, shown below:
(1) Unit: Million
Languages Population
a. Official language 66,223
b. Wu 6,975
c. Min 5,507
d. Jin 4,570
e. Yue 4.021
f. Hakka 3,500
g. Gan 3,127
h. Xiang 3,085
i. Hui 312
j. Ping 200